Illicit Trafficking
Legal & Organizations
Illicit Trafficking
Legal & OrganizationsThe illegal trade, smuggling, or sale of cultural objects, which often involves artifacts being stolen from museums, looted from archaeological sites, or illegally exported from their country of origin. Illicit trafficking deprives communities of their heritage and is often linked with organized crime. Combating it requires international cooperation, laws like the UNESCO 1970 Convention, law enforcement efforts, and due diligence by collectors and dealers to ensure items have legal provenance.
Source: UNESCO, Hague Convention, UNIDROIT, ICOM
Provenance
Cultural Heritage
Provenance
Cultural HeritageProvenance refers to cultural expressions, places, or objects valued for their historical, artistic, social, or spiritual meaning. It helps communities maintain identity and continuity while guiding protection and responsible use.
Source: UNESCO, ICOMOS
Provenance Due Diligence
Legal & Organizations
Provenance Due Diligence
Legal & OrganizationsProvenance Due Diligence relates to the legal, institutional, or policy frameworks that govern heritage protection and emergency action. It clarifies responsibilities, permissible actions, and cooperation across jurisdictions and organizations.
Source: UNESCO, Hague Convention, UNIDROIT, ICOM
